Interview In May this year, users of popular open source project FUSE for macOS noticed the source code for the latest update was missing. The project had become closed source and was no longer free for commercial use. But as The Reg discovered when we had a talk with its maintainer, there was a very good reason for that – and it's not a good look for the many companies that used it.
- What Installed Fuse For Macos X
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- What Installed Fuse For Macos Mac
FUSE stands for File System in Userspace and lets developers create a custom filesystem without writing code for the kernel. If you have a database or a cloud storage system, for example, and you want it to appear to the operating system as just another set of files and folders, you can use FUSE.
It's impossible for an SMC reset to install software. FUSE is not malware. Either it is malware that is masquerading as FUSE (that's unlikely), or you actually installed FUSE at some point in the past and only just noticed it. FUSE is sometimes bundled with other software, such as programs that allow you to write to NTFS-formatted drives. Aug 16, 2017 Save and close the file. Where, [email protected]: Remote server with sshd; fuse: File system type.; idmap=user: Only translate UID of connecting user.; allowother: Allow access to other users.; reconnect: Reconnect to server.; netdev: The filesystem resides on a device that requires network access (used to prevent the system from attempting to mount these filesystems until the network has. Jul 06, 2020 As a user, installing the FUSE for macOS software package will let you use any third-party file system written atop FUSE for macOS or MacFUSE, if you choose to install the MacFUSE compatibility layer. As a developer, you can use the FUSE for macOS SDK to write numerous types of file systems as regular user-space programs. Jan 18, 2016 FUSE for macOS allows you to extend macOS's native file handling capabilities via third-party file systems. FUSE for macOS is a successor to MacFUSE, which has been used as a software building block by dozens of products, but is no longer being maintained. FUSE for Mac Features As a user, installing the FUSE for macOS software package will let you use any third-party FUSE file system. Legacy MacFUSE file systems are supported through the optional MacFUSE compatibility layer. As a developer, you can use the FUSE SDK to write numerous types of new file systems as regular user space programs.
FUSE has a long history. It was created for Linux and ported to other Unix-like operating systems including FreeBSD and OpenSolaris. In 2007, Google released a port for Mac OS X as open source. In 2011 this was forked to become osxfuse, later renamed FUSE for macOS.
Then, seven months ago, users observed that the latest update's source code was missing, though the compiled binary was posted. 'That's on purpose', said maintainer Benjamin Fleischer. 'If you are using FUSE for macOS for a commercial software project, feel free to contact me.'
A further complication facing developers thinking of forking the last open source version is that running FUSE on macOS requires a kernel extension signing certificate. 'That's not the standard Developer ID certificate every registered developer gets,' said Fleischer.
A tale of exposure bucks: How to lose a dev in 8 years
'I started working on FUSE in 2011. I was studying computer science and working on FUSE started out as a hobby. I was relying on NTFS-3G, a popular FUSE file system, and wanted to use Mac OS X Snow Leopard's new 64-bit kernel. MacFUSE, as the project was originally called, had already been abandoned for some time and it did not support 64-bit kernels, so I started tinkering with the code,' Fleischer told The Register.
'A lot of time has passed since then and the number of applications relying on FUSE for macOS has grown rapidly. Today FUSE for macOS is used by many big internet companies, among them cloud storage and infrastructure-as-a-service providers and even popular social networks.'
The problem? Fleischer was doing most of the development work for free. In May 2016, he asked for support. 'In order to take FUSE for OS X to the next level, I would like to spend more time working on it, but this won't be possible without being compensated for my work,' he explained at the time.
'My post did not produce the hoped-for results,' Fleischer told us. 'Then I altered my strategy and tried contacting companies directly, that are using FUSE, and asked for their support.
'I tried to advocate that having one project, that everyone contributes to, instead of many closed source forks without pushing fixes and improvements upstream, would benefit everybody. I was able to convince one or two companies to support my work financially. However most companies were reluctant to support the project that their product depends on because it is available for free. This in itself is kind of ironic. Almost as if something that is available for free has no perceived value.'
He looked into other options for financing, since 'abandoning the project has never been an option for me.'
Among the issues, he told us, is that 'FUSE is not an end user product. Most of the time FUSE is installed silently by third-party applications that expose a virtual file system. Many end users are not aware they are using FUSE or know which service it provides. Asking for donations for a component of an application that users already paid for is not the right approach.'
This was the reason why Fleischer stopped releasing the source code and also changed the licence. 'FUSE for macOS 3.9 can still be freely bundled with commercial software. Then in July of 2019, I released FUSE for macOS 3.10 with support for macOS Catalina under the new, less permissive licence, that requires specific written permission to bundle FUSE with commercial software,' he told The Reg.
How is this possible? 'Most of the FUSE for macOS source code is released under the BSD licence. However, libfuse, for example, is released under the LGPL. I did what other developers of closed source FUSE forks have been doing for some time. The BSD licence has no copyleft, which means that no one is required to push changes upstream or make them available. As libfuse is covered under the LGPL, changes to it need to be made available, while changes to the kernel code can be kept closed,' Fleischer explains.
What Installed Fuse For Macos X
The outcome? 'After the licence change I have been contacted by several companies and negotiated some licence agreements. In this very regard closing the source code of FUSE was a success. In the very least it helped to raise awareness to the difficulties of sustainable open source software development,' he said.
Fleischer added that: 'I do not like continuing working on FUSE as a closed source project. It has been a hard decision and I have been thinking about it for a very long time, but I stand by it and it seemed to be the only option left to raise awareness and ensure the project's future.'
He acknowledges though that: 'I have not been very transparent about the licence change.'
A recent discussion on Hacker News shows how 'opinion are obviously very divided,' he said.
That said, many of the responses are sympathetic. 'I hope we see more of this in the future: developers realising that the work they do has value and that they're not required to spend their lives giving it away for free. So they take control of their work product and start capturing some of that value for themselves,' said one.
What will happen in future? 'As long as I'm the maintainer of the FUSE for macOS project, FUSE will always be free for non-commercial use,' he told El Reg. 'Should it ever come to the point I decide to stop maintaining FUSE, and I highly doubt it will come to this in the foreseeable future, I will release the source code under the BSD licence and step aside to let someone else take control over the osxfuse organisation on GitHub.'
It is also possible of course that Apple could change its rules – it has said that kernel extensions will be restricted in future releases of macOS – or that the company might build something like FUSE into the macOS kernel itself.
Irrespective, Fleischer's experience shows how difficult it can be to sustain open-source development, even for projects that are widely used. ®
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After summer comes macOS. This long-standing tradition started by Apple is the most exciting moment of the year — seeing your Macs improve and gain new bells and whistles. In 2019, we’re welcoming Catalina, the 10.15 version of macOS named after Catalina island in California. Apparently, it’s hot.
The operating system boasts a whole lot of new macOS features like Sidecar, iOS apps porting, and major Photos update. To try the features right away, you can install Catalina from the Software Update tab.
However, be prepared for some troubleshooting. The acquaintance with the new macOS doesn’t always go smooth — and with macOS 10.15 deeming support for lots of software, many things will not go smooth. We’ve collected the key macOS Catalina issues you may encounter, along with the ways to fix them.
macOS 10.15 Catalina problems and their fixes
Giving up Catalina is a decision you can choose to make. But before rolling back, ensure you use every bit of advice as to how you can fix the common problems. Sometimes, a quick fix can solve your concerns.
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Problems with macOS Catalina you can solve:
macOS 10.15 Catalina won’t install
This is the classic problem that arises with every macOS release: The installation won’t start or you face the “Catalina installation stuck” problem — when it freezes and you see no progress on the install. No matter how many times you start over, you keep getting an error trying to install Catalina.”
How to fix:
- Apple recommends to reset SMC. Shut down your Mac, and hold Shift + Ctrl + Option + Power button for about 10 seconds, with your cable plugged in. Click on the power button and wait for your Mac to start up.
- Try resetting NVRAM or PRAM. Shut down your Mac, and hold Option + Command + P + R for about 20 seconds. Wait for your computer to restart.
- Reinstall from macOS recovery. Hold Option + Command + R to reinstall. Once you see the startup screen, start the installation again.
- Some users reported they were prompted to enter administrator password several times to complete the installation. So it might be something for you to try as well.
- In most cases, macOS Catalina cannot be installed on Macintosh HD, because it doesn’t have enough disk space. If you install Catalina on top of your current operating system, the computer will keep all the files and still need free space for Catalina. So the easiest fix would be to clean up your system with CleanMyMac X before upgrading. All the system junk, app leftovers, and unneeded files will go away in a minute.
- Backup your disk and run a clean install. This will wipe away your current system files, leaving space for macOS Catalina — so yes, this option is for the brave. If you use a solid backup solution, you’ll keep your data safe, though. Get Backup Pro is a nice way to do it — unlike Apple’s Time Machine, the app allows running bootable backups.
Say you’ve cleared up and backed up your disk. But your Mac still gets stuck at the installation and shows “not enough space” error, so you can’t get out of the cycle. In this case, there’s another fix you can try:
- Reinstall Mojave. No worries, this won’t delete your disk. Reboot your Mac and hold Command + R to enter the Recovery Mode. Click Reinstall macOS.
- Restore from your backup. If you have a Time Machine backup, enter the Recovery Mode again and select “Restore from Time Machine Backup.” Select the backup from the list and restore your files.
Some users also report they tried to reboot into Safe Mode and take the installation from there; the others used a newly created admin user — but most attempts have been unsuccessful.
We must agree that macOS 10.15 is one of the slowest systems in terms of installation. But if you use the hacks described above and have a little patience, you’ll be able to get to the “Catalina installed” point.
If you can’t login after upgrading to Catalina
There’s a known problem of failing to login after the installation. Unfortunately, the only way to fix it — at least for now — would be to roll back to Mojave:
- Clean up your Mac with CleanMyMac X and backup your data.
- Save passwords to ensure you don’t lose license keys and settings.
- Create a bootable installer of Mojave (after Catalina goes public, you can download Mojave here).
- Delete macOS Catalina: Apple menu > Restart > Command + R > Disk Utility > your startup disk > Erase.
One of the things Mac users are particularly excited about is the new Sidecar feature. It comes as a handy solution for those wanting to expand their workspaces. You can either mirror your Mac’s screen to iPad or use your iPad’s screen as an extension of a Mac.
If the only reason you’re here is because you want Sidecar, we have to warn you it might not work with your new macOS. Reddit is full of user reports about the feature unavailable on macOS Catalina. Most likely, this is the issue of compatibility.
How to fix:
Here are the ways to fix Sidecar problems:
- Get the new iPadOS 13. Unfortunately, macOS Catalina doesn’t work with iPadOS 12. So basically, you have to use the recent operating systems if you want to try Sidecar.
- Make sure your Mac is one of the compatible devices. Sidecar works on:
- 2019 Mac Pro
- Late 2018 Mac mini +
- Late 2018 MacBook Air +
- 2017 iMac Pro
- Mid 2016 MacBook Pro +
- Early 2016 MacBook +
- Late 2015 iMac +
- Try connecting your iPad with a cable. With Sidecar, you should be able to connect your iPad wirelessly. If this doesn’t work, the cable might solve the issue.
Battery drain on macOS Catalina
Many of the previous macOS releases were known for battery life concerns — greedy apps, Safari and Chrome draining battery, or power-saving not working. There has been no major battery drain issues reported by the Catalina users so far.
How to fix:
Just to make sure you don’t encounter the problem as well, here are a few precautions:
- Check for apps that use significant energy. For a quick insight, check Apple’s in-built Activity Monitor. It shows the “Energy impact” for every application — calculated based on CPU, network usage, and other factors.
- Have a solution for battery health monitoring. iStat Menus is a perfect fit if you need detailed analytics on disk activity, CPU usage, battery life, memory load, and much more. The app shows all the data right in your menu bar. Plus, you can customize what’s being monitored flexibly.
- Use Screen Time to limit the use of apps. This is the brand-new app on macOS Catalina, which helps you live a healthier Mac user life. Set time limits for the use of specific apps or app categories and schedule downtime. The main goal is to track how much time you spend on the computer, but you can also use it to optimize battery life on Mac.
Apps not working on macOS Catalina
In the attempt to speed up your Mac’s performance, Apple is killing 32-bit app architecture with the release of Catalina. This means you have to switch to 64-bit, for good. You might see the messages like this when trying to launch an app:
The chances are it’s one of the oldies.
How to fix:
CleanMyMac X can pretty much solve every app problem on macOS Catalina.
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- Use Updater to search available app updates. Maybe the app is not working, because it needs upgrading. If you’ve missed the update notification, you won’t know about this. To solve the issue, CleanMyMac X will show you the full list of apps with available updates from developers. The best thing is you can run a batch update right in the app.
- Uninstaller gives you an easy way to reset or get rid of 32-bit apps. The Apple way of checking for 32-bit applications is quite easy: access About This Mac > System report > Applications. However, once you find apps with the outdated architecture, you’ll have to go and uninstall each of them separately. The Uninstaller feature in CleanMyMac X simplifies things for you — filter by 32-bit and get rid of each of them.
- If there’s no particular reason an app misbehaves, try resetting it. Guess what, CleanMyMac X has it covered too. In Uninstaller, click on the arrow button next to the app and choose Reset. As easy as that.
While app notarization takes time, you can expect many apps being unavailable after the release of Catalina. This doesn’t mean they are gone for good, though. Contact developers or follow official developer announcements to find out about compatibility plans.
OneDrive client problems on Catalina
Due to Catalina’s new security settings, Microsoft’s OneDrive may have a problem accessing your drive — even if you allow a full access. This is because macOS 10.15 comes with two disk volumes by default.
How to fix:
There are no surefire fixes just yet, but you can try to troubleshoot OneDrive by setting it up from the very beginning. This worked for some users, according to the Reddit discussion:
- Unlink your account and quit OneDrive.
- Remove OneDrive client from your Mac and delete the folder.
- Set up OneDrive again and make sure you allow full disk access in Security & Privacy.
iCloud problems on macOS Catalina
The most common issue with iCloud is that users are unable to download their folders. You can try downloading iCloud files separately — but that’s going to be a pain if you have an extensive library.
How to fix:
The best fix would be using Forklift app for your file management. The app is Catalina-ready and allows connecting local drives, Dropbox, iCloud, and tons of other storage sites.
If you’re setting up iCloud, there might be another issue standing in your way: Not being able to agree to the Terms and Conditions. The window will just keep popping up on your screen. An easy way to fix this would be to access System Preferences > Internet Accounts and then click on the iCloud icon. You’ll see a static Terms and Conditions window — click Accept and you’re good to go.
Replacing iTunes on Catalina
The new macOS 10.15 brought along the end of iTunes and the birth of the new Music app. Basically, it looks the same — but with music-only content. There’s a huge difference for people who rely on syncing Apple Music with third-party apps. The new app doesn’t support XML file support, which makes playlist syncing impossible across many apps. So if you use Apple Music for DJing, you’ll definitely have a problem.
How to fix:
The only fix to suggest here would be to stay away from Catalina if you need your XML apps to work with iTunes.
Music library issues
What Installed Fuse For Macos Windows 10
New Music app keeps freezing
There have been reports about the new music app freezing on Mac. Well, it’s the first splitting of iTunes, so it’s no wonder it doesn’t go smooth. In most cases, your Mac will keep showing the “library updating” status.
How to fix:
- Create a backup of your entire music library.
- Move your music out of the music folder.
- Go to ~/Library and remove every file related to “Music” and “iTunes.”
- Delete music caches in ~/Library/Caches.
- Restart your Mac and try to access the library again. It should be working now.
Memory usage problems with Apple Music app
Another problem you may come across is the Music app eating too much of your space. One user wrote the app used over 30GB of memory on his Mac.
How to fix:
Apparently, the problem is related to the memory management of Album Art. It is getting better, though. According to user reports, memory usage goes back to normal after restarting the app.
Mail search is broken
According to forum posts, your mailbox might get pretty messy after the upgrade — with no search functionality whatsoever. So if you try searching by keywords or recipient/sender name, the app will keep showing the numerical number of results. The reason could be the new Spotlight integration.
How to fix:
- Open System Preferences > Internet accounts and remove your mail account.
- Restart your computer and once again add your mail account to the app.
- Try searching through your emails — it should be working now.
There have also been some early reports about emails missing from the Mail app — so you might want to wait for it to get fixed before upgrading, especially if you rely on Apple Mail.
Slowing down and overheating macOS Catalina problems
So here’s the thing: macOS Catalina should be faster than Mojave. 32-bit architecture was one of the things slowing an operating system down. It’s gone, and so are the issues with slow apps. Unfortunately, you can expect your Mac go slow and overheat anyway.
How to fix:
- Too many login items often cause your Mac to go slow. To eliminate the problem, disable apps from launching at startup. Go to System Preferences > Users & Groups > Login Items. Check the apps you don’t want to run at startup and click on the minus button.
- Reset SMC. This is a universal fix that helps solve the issues with overheating, battery life, slow Mac, and more. The process is pretty simple and doesn’t impose any risks of losing your data. To reset, shut down your Mac, but leave a charger plugged in. Hold Shift + Ctrl + Option + Power button for about 10 seconds. Click on the power button and wait for your Mac to start up.
Dock disappearing on macOS Catalina
On the Apple forum, people mentioned Dock disappearing from their screen after upgrading to Catalina. The nature of this mistake is unknown — some users connect it to PRAM resetting, the others say they had the issue when trying to work across two screens.
How to fix:
Try Option + Command + D. If it doesn’t work for you, do the following:
- Go to Settings > Dock
- Change the Dock’s size so that it starts flickering
- Change the hide/show settings
- Customize the Dock’s position on screen (you can do it randomly).
Close the window and check whether it’s working now.
Internet not working after upgrading to Catalina
If you’re putting macOS 10.15 over your current system, you’re likely to encounter Internet connection problems.
How to fix:
The radical way would be to clean install macOS Catalina — it’s healthier for your Mac and will probably fix the issue. If you’re not ready to take a risk, try rebooting your Mac.
There has been a user report saying that Sophos caused the problem of network connection. So uninstalling it may be a fix as well.
Bluetooth not available on macOS Catalina
Well, that’s a problem. Definitely a huge one if you use AirPods. Deleting your Bluetooth.plist files might be the way to solve this.
How to fix:
- Open Finder > Go > Go to Folder
- Type Library/Preferences
- Find a file with the name “com.Apple.Bluetooth.plist” and delete it.
Safari extensions not working
While Apple is trying to transition to iOS-compatible extensions, it gradually deems support for many web extensions formats. On Catalina, you’ll face the problem with .safariextz files not working.
How to fix:
What Installed Fuse For Macos Air
Just like with 32-bit apps, there’s no way to fix the missing extensions. If you can’t find a good alternative, you can switch to Chrome or another browser.
Storage filling up too fast
If you notice unusual storage filling up progress, this might mean your Mac captured too many redundant files during the Catalina installation. In most cases, these are APFS files and Time Machine backups.
How to fix:
If you can use a good Time Machine alternative like Get Backup Pro throughout the upgrade, do it. Otherwise, you can remove Time Machine leftovers after installing Catalina with CleanMyMac X. In the Maintenance tab, select “Time Machine snapshots thinning,” and run a cleanup.
To remove snapshots manually, use the following Terminal commands:
What Installed Fuse For Macos Mac
1. To view the list of snapshots:
tmutil listlocalsnapshots / tmutil listlocalsnapshots /System/Volumes/Data
2. To delete snapshots:
deletelocalsnapshots
Here’s a quick review of all mentioned fixes, which you can take with you:
Is macOS Catalina stable?
The short answer is yes — if you use it right. So before you decide to downgrade back to Mojave, make sure you’ve done the following things right:
- Backup your Mac with Get Backup Pro or any other reliable tool before running an installation.
- If you still need some of the Mojave functionality that won’t be available in Catalina, install the new macOS on partition.
- Make your Mac as clean as possible before upgrading.
- Get iPadOS 13 if you want to use the Sidecar feature.
- Get rid of 32-bit applications, even if this means killing your darlings.
- Backup your Music and then empty the folder along with music-related Library caches. The new Apple Music app is still pretty much unpredictable, so you need to ensure you don’t lose your playlist.
- CleanMyMac X is a solution for many Catalina issues, so you need it — badly. To cut the cost, you can get it through Setapp and receive extra tools like Get Backup Pro and Endurance.
If you want to dive more into macOS Catalina bugs fixed, check out the Reddit discussion.